Creating negative sentence in Simple Present Tense

Since there are two kinds of sentence, nominal and verbal, students usually confuse when they want to construct the negative sentence in Simple Present Tense. In this posting, EEL will give a simple explanation to help students creating negative sentence.

1. Students have to remember that they have to add ‘not’ after the predicate to construct a negative sentence.

2. The negative marker, ‘not’, can be placed after a predicate which is included as ‘be’, such as is, am, and are. For example:

Positive Sentences:

• I am a teacher.
• He is happy.
• They are sad.

Negative sentence:

• I am not a teacher.
• He is not a happy.
• They are not sad.

3. The negative marker ‘not’ cannot be placed after a predicate which is a verb. As a result, you have to place ‘not’ after the auxiliary verb ‘do’. For example:

Positive Sentences:

• They cook the noodles.
• We sing a song.
• He speaks English

Negative sentence:

• They do not cook the noodles.
• We do not sing a song.
• He does* not speak English.

*'Do' changes into 'does' when it is used in a sentence which employs singular subject. Remember that in a simple present tense, the sentences which are using the singular subject must be followed by verb 1 + suffix s/es. Another example:

Positive sentence:

• He makes a toy.
• My father plays the guitar.

Negative Sentence:

• He does not make a toy.
• My father does not play the guitar.

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Part of Speech, The Basic of English

Before you can construct a sentence, you have to know the part of speech. What are they? Let’s see the part of speech categories below:

1. Verb
it refers to some actions or activities and it links the subject to a complement. In the sentence, verb usually has a function to be the predicate.

Examples: sing, play, watch, eat, have, take, am, are, go, visit, etc.

2. Adverb
It modifies a verb or an adjective. Many adverbs have the suffix -ly.

Examples: slowly, absolutely, neatly, carefully, etc

Example in some sentences:

He drives slowly.

You have to open it carefully.

3. Noun
it names an object or action. There are two kinds of nouns. They are Common nouns which refer to ordinary things and proper nouns which are usually capitalized and refer to persons, specific things or specific places.

Examples:

Common Noun : Animal, Plant, Ocean, Forest, etc.

Proper noun: Azys, Joko, Atlantic Ocean, Bali Island, etc

4. Adjective
it has a function to modify a noun.

Examples: black, large, big, red, comfortable, etc.

Example in some sentences:

I have a black bag.

This is a clean room

My comfortable house is close the mountain.

5. Article
it is usually used in front of noun. There are definite and indefinite article. The definite article is the which indicate the specific things. While, the indefinite article is a / an. Article a is used for the nouns which begin from the consonant vowels, for example: A book, A bag, A flower. Article an is used with the nouns which begin from vocal vowels, for example: An egg, An Apple, An Airplane, etc.

6. Conjunction
it is the connector of words or group of words. Example: and, or, but, so, after, etc.

7. Preposition
it indicates the relationship of objects.

Examples: in, under, on, etc.

8. Pronoun
it can be used to substitute a noun.

Examples: he, this, she, it, etc.

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Using Imperative Sentence

Bossy Woman Giving An Order

Imperative Sentence usually uses to give command and prohibition to other people. The imperative sentence is usually ended with an exclamation mark (!). It is usually used in the procedure text. In the Imperative sentences, you can find the same subject. That is ‘You’. How it can be?

Pay attention to these following examples:

• Close the door!
• Open the windows!
• Could you speak louder!

Imagine if someone talks to you using those sentences. Who is being ordered? That’s you, isn’t it? It means that all the imperative sentences employ ‘You’ as the subject.

The imperative sentence function:

I. To give command:

• Clean the whiteboard!
• Sit down, please!
• Go to your room!

II. To prohibit someone to do something:

• Don’t go to that school!
• Don’t leave me!
• Don’t forget to study!

Basically, you don’t need to write the subject when you are writing an imperative sentence. You can use the predicate which is usually a verb. How can you create an imperative sentence using certain adjective? Pay attention to the example bellow:

To give command:

• Be quite, please!
• Be Happy!
• Be nice!

To prohibit someone to do something:

• Don’t be so fool!
• Don’t be sad!
• Don’t be lazy, students!

It’s easy, isn’t it? You can put ‘be’ to replace ‘verb’.

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Making An Appointment, Inviting Someone, and Declining An Appointment

Mrs. Ary looks for information about cancer in a clinic. Then, she comes to the clinic in the afternoon.

Mrs. Ary        : Good Afternoon, mam. Would you like to help me?

Receptionist    : Good Afternoon. Sure, what can I do for you?

Mrs. Ary        : I need more information about cancer. Who can I meet to explain about that disease?

Receptionist    : You can meet Dr. Handy to get further information  about cancer. However, you have to make an  appointment first to meet him.

Mrs. Ary         : Can I meet him tomorrow afternoon?

Receptionist     : Please, discuss the meeting through phone call. You can  contact this number 0586511231.

Mrs. Ary           : OK, thanks.

Suddenly, Mr. Ary call Dr. Handy using her cell-phone.

Mrs. Ary      : Hello. This is Ary speaking. Can I talk to Dr. Handy?

Dr. Handy   : Hello.Yes, This is Handy. Do you have any problems?

Mrs. Ary      : I need more information about cancer. Would you like to meet me at your office tomorrow afternoon at 02.00 p.m.?

Dr. Andy     : How about 02.30 p.m.? I have many patients tomorrow.

Mrs. Ary       : that’s fine. I’ll be there at that time. Thanks.

Dr. Handy    : You’re welcome.

After you read that conversation you may find certain expression, such as:

Making Appointment:

• Can I meet …?
• Let’s meet ….?
• How about tomorrow afternoon?

Accepting an appointment:

• I’ll be there at that time.
• Sure. I’ll come.
• It’ll be a nice meeting for me.
• Canceling/rejecting an appointment:
• I’m sorry. I can’t come.
• I don’t think I can make it.
• Sorry. I think I have another appointment at that time.

Inviting:

• Would you like to ....
• Could you come to…
• I'd very much like
• Would you care to ....
• I’ll really happy if you come to….
• I’m sure that you won’t be disappointed to come to….

Accepting an Invitation

• Thank you for inviting me.
• I would/will ....
• That would be very nice.
• I'd like to love to come.
• That’s fine.
• Sure. Why not?

Declining an Invitation

• I'm very sorry, I don't think I can.
• I'd like to, but ....
• Thank you for asking me, but ....
• Unfortunately, I can't ....

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